๐Ÿ’Š ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์‹ ์•ฝ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค„์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ QSAR์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹ ์•ฝ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ž.

๐Ÿ’Š ์•ž์„  ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…์—์„œ๋„ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ช…, ํ™”ํ•™, ๊ณตํ•™ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…์—์„œ ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ Cheminfomatics, ์ฆ‰ ํ™”ํ•™์ •๋ณดํ•™์ด๋‹ค.


1. ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ผ์ธ

๐Ÿ’Š ์‹ ์•ฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ž.

๐Ÿ‘‰ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ compounds๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ ์•ฝ ํ›„๋ณด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ›„๋ณด๊ตฐ์„ ์ถ”๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” FDA์—์„œ ์Šน์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹ ์•ฝ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ํ‘œ์— ์ ํ˜€์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋„์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์‹ ์•ฝ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ๋ชจ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹จ์ถ•๊ณผ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ ์  ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” DRUG DISCOVERY ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์ž๐Ÿ™ƒ๐Ÿ™ƒ.


2. DRUG DISCOVERY ๊ณผ์ •

๐Ÿ’Š Target Identification โ–ถ Target Validation โ–ถ Target to hit โ–ถ Hit to lead โ–ถ Lead Optimization

2.1. ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ์„ ์ • โ€“ Target Identification

  • drug๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ํƒ€๊ฒŸํŒ…ํ•  ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒ
  • ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ • ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ Simple Molecule
  • Drug Molecule๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๋Š” โ€˜druggableโ€™ ํ•œ ํƒ€๊ฒŸ
  • โญ ์ฆ‰, drug๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” target molecule์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ž„

  • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
    • Omics : ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์—์„œ ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ๋ฐœ๊ตด. transcriptomics, proteomics.
    • Phenotype analysis : ํŠน์ • ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง• ํŒŒ์•….
    • Functional Screening : Phenotype์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ gene์„ knockdown. screening.
    • Genetic Association : ์œ ์ „์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํŒŒ์•….
    • Literature : ์—ฐ๊ตฌ. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ. ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์ฐธ๊ณ .
    • Predictions from Cheminfomatics & AI

2.2. ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ๊ฒ€์ฆ โ€“ Target Validation

  • ํ•ด๋‹น ์งˆ๋ณ‘์—์„œ target์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•จ
  • โญ ์ฆ‰, target์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
  • ์ž„์ƒ์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋จ
  • Genetic knockdown, knockout, in vitro cell-based mechanistic studies
  • Animal Model์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ (in vivo)์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.3 ์„ ๋„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ โ€“ Lead Compound

  • โญ target์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”, ์ฆ‰ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž
  • target์„ modulation ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

  • ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
    • Nature : ์ฒœ์—ฐ๋ฌผ
    • De novo design: ์‹ ์•ฝ ์„ค๊ณ„
    • High throughput screening : ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

    • Early Safety Tests : ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” compounds์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰
      • (ADME/Tox) properties
        • Absorption : ํก์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€
        • Distribution : compound๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€
        • Excretion : ์•Œ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ฒด๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€
        • Metabolism : ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€
        • Toxicological : ๋…์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€
      • ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ drug๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์•„์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค.
        • absorbed into the bloodstream
        • distributed to the proper site of action in the body
        • metabolized efficiently and effectively
        • successfully excreted from the body
        • demonstrated to be not toxic
      • ADME/Tox ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ, ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค.

2.4. Target to Hit

๐Ÿ‘‰ Ligand : ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ฒดยทํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌยท์•ฝ์ œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž

2.5. Hit to Lead

  • lead generation ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•จ
  • โญ Small molecule์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ HTS์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  Compound๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์€ ํ›„์— limited optimization์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์žˆ๋Š” Lead Compound๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„

2.6. Lead Optimization

  • โญ Lead Compound์˜ Structure๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•จ
  • ADME / Toxic property๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ Specificity, Reducing Side effect ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ Compound์˜ Structure๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•จ
  • Formulation, Delivery mechanism, large-scale manufacturing ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ
  • Drug๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •

๐Ÿ’Š ์ด๋ฒˆ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์ค‘์—์„œ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ DRUG DISCOVERY์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ’Š ๋จผ์ € ์‹ ์•ฝ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋  ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ๋ถ„์ž์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” Lead Compound๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ ์•ฝ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ’Š ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ํ›„๋ณด๊ตฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ์•ฝ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…์—์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค๐Ÿ˜ƒ.


๐Ÿ’ก์œ„ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…์€ LAIDD์— ์—…๋กœ๋“œ๋œ KAIST ๊น€๋™์„ญ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์˜ ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ์„ ๋ฐํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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