๐Ÿ’Š ์ €๋ฒˆ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…์— ์ด์–ด์„œ ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ €๋ฒˆ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…์— ์ฒจ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋” ์ฒจ๋ถ€ํ•ด๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ’Š ์ €๋ฒˆ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ„์˜ ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ DRUG DISCOVERY๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ ์•ฝ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋  ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ๋ถ„์ž์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” Lead Compound๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ ์•ฝ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…์—์„œ๋Š” Preclinical Testing๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋’ท๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ž.


3. Preclinical Testing

  • ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ Lead Compound, ์ฆ‰ Drug๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ฒด์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ๋ฐ ๋™๋ฌผ ์‹คํ—˜.
  • in vitro and in vivo tests
  • Drug Discovery๋ฅผ 5000~10000 ๊ฐœ์˜ compound๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์„ ํ–‰ ๊ดด์ •์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ 1~5๊ฐœ์˜ Lead Compound, ์ฆ‰ candidate drugs๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด์„œ Preclinical Testing์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•จ

4. Investigational New Drug (IND) Application and Safety

  • ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— FDA์— IND๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•จ.
  • Institutional Review Board๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ ์ง€์›์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ณด์žฅ.

5. Clinical Trial : ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜

  • Phase 1 Clinical Trial : 1์ƒ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜
    • ์ด ์•ฝ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ
    • ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ๊ทธ๋ฃน(20 ~ 100๋ช…) ์—์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ธ์ฒด์‹คํ—˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰
  • Phase 2 Clinical Trial : 2์ƒ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜
    • ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•ฝ์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝํšจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ
    • ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ(100~500๋ช…) ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ
  • Phase 3 Clinical Trial : 3์ƒ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜
    • ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜(1000~5000๋ช…)

6. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

  • ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‹ ์•ฝ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ

  • Phase 2 Clinical Trial์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ์€ 28%(2006โ€“2007)์—์„œ 18%(2008โ€“2009)๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
    • 51%์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ฝ์˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
  • Phase 3 Clinical Trial์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ 50%๊นŒ์ง€ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
    • ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ถ€์กฑ(66%) ๋˜๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ(21%)์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ
    • The โ€˜better than the Beatlesโ€™ problem : ๊ธฐ์กด ์•ฝ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์›ํ•จ
    • The โ€˜cautious regulatorโ€™ problem : ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”
    • The โ€˜throw money at itโ€™ tendency : ๋ˆ
    • The โ€˜basic researchโ€“brute forceโ€™ bias
  • 2์ฐจ์  ์›์ธ
    • The narrow clinical search problem
    • The clinical trial problem
    • The long cycle time problem : ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ
  • ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ AI๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ Drug์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ ์  ์ด๋ค„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ’Š ์ด๋ฒˆ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์•ฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ›„๋ณด๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ดํ›„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋‹ค. AI๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์‹ ์•ฝ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์งˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๐Ÿ˜ƒ๐Ÿ˜ƒ!!

๐Ÿ’Š ๋‹ค์Œ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ QSAR๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ์•ฝ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ž๐Ÿƒโ€โ™‚๏ธ๐Ÿƒโ€โ™‚๏ธ.


๐Ÿ’ก์œ„ ํฌ์ŠคํŒ…์€ LAIDD์— ์—…๋กœ๋“œ๋œ KAIST ๊น€๋™์„ญ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์˜ ์‹ ์•ฝ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ์„ ๋ฐํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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